<![CDATA[Healthy Heights at North Balgowlah Village - News from the Heights]]>Sun, 19 Apr 2026 18:30:07 +1000Weebly<![CDATA[B12 gloved or an iron fist?]]>Wed, 30 Oct 2024 05:33:10 GMThttps://www.healthyheights.com.au/news-from-the-heights/b12-gloved-or-an-iron-fistDid you know that low B12 levels can affect more than just your iron? 🩸 Ferritin, a key player in iron storage, is also influenced by B12. This connection highlights the importance of a comprehensive approach to nutrient balance for overall well-being. 
RDW, or Red Cell Distribution Width, is a measure of the variation in red blood cell size or volume. It's an important parameter in a complete blood count (CBC) that helps in the diagnosis of various conditions, including anemia. Interestingly, vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to macrocytic anemia, where the red blood cells are larger than normal, which in turn can cause an increase in RDW. Understanding the relationship between RDW and B12 levels can thus be crucial for early detection and treatment of nutritional deficiencies and related hematological disorders.
Low ferritin levels, which indicate depleted iron stores in the body, can sometimes be linked to low vitamin B12 levels. This connection can be attributed to the role B12 plays in red blood cell production and overall hematopoiesis. Vitamin B12 is essential for the proper formation and maturation of red blood cells. Without enough B12, the production of these cells is impaired, leading to forms of anemia that may mask or affect iron levels. Consequently, even if the body has adequate iron, the inefficient use of iron due to impaired red blood cell production can lead to low ferritin readings. This interplay emphasizes the importance of evaluating both B12 and iron status together, as ensuring adequate levels of both can help maintain optimal ferritin levels and overall blood health.
Maintaining optimal levels of vitamin B12 is crucial for ensuring efficient body function. The normal range for serum B12 levels typically falls between 200 to 900 picograms per milliliter (pg/mL), but many experts advocate for maintaining levels above 500 pg/mL to prevent deficiency symptoms. Adequate B12 levels support various physiological functions, including nerve health, DNA synthesis, and red blood cell production. A balanced diet, including B12-rich foods like meat, dairy, and fortified cereals, can help sustain these levels. For those at risk of deficiency, such as vegetarians, vegans, or older adults, B12 supplements can be a vital part of maintaining optimal health. Regular monitoring of B12 levels, particularly in individuals with conditions affecting absorption, can help detect deficiencies early and guide appropriate interventions.
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are commonly prescribed medications used to reduce stomach acid production, helping individuals with conditions like gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and peptic ulcers. While effective for managing acid-related disorders, prolonged use of PPIs has been associated with reduced absorption of vitamin B12. The acidic environment in the stomach aids the release and absorption of vitamin B12 from food, and by lowering stomach acid levels, PPIs may inadvertently lead to B12 deficiency over time. This risk is especially prevalent in individuals who use PPIs regularly for extended periods. Those relying on these medications should be aware of the potential impact on B12 absorption and consider having their B12 levels monitored. If deficiency symptoms, such as fatigue or neurological issues, arise, it may be worth discussing with a healthcare provider the possibility of adjusting medication regimens or supplementing B12 to ensure adequate nutrient intake
Metformin, a widely used medication for the management of type 2 diabetes, has been found to potentially impact vitamin B12 levels in the body. While metformin is effective in controlling blood glucose levels, prolonged use has been associated with decreased absorption of vitamin B12, leading to a higher risk of deficiency. This is particularly concerning as B12 deficiency can contribute to anemia and neuropathy, which are also complications of diabetes. Regular monitoring of B12 status in individuals taking metformin is advisable, especially for long-term users. For those found to have low B12 levels, dietary adjustments and supplementation might be necessary to mitigate deficiency symptoms.
Statins, commonly prescribed to lower cholesterol levels and reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases, have been studied for their potential impact on vitamin B12 levels. While statins are generally well-tolerated, some research suggests that they may interfere with the body's absorption of fat-soluble vitamins and other nutrients, including B12. This interaction could potentially contribute to a risk of deficiency, particularly in individuals with other predisposing factors, such as dietary restrictions or gastrointestinal conditions that affect nutrient absorption. As B12 deficiency can lead to serious health issues like anemia and neurological problems, individuals on long-term statin therapy should discuss with their healthcare providers the importance of regular monitoring of B12 levels and consider supplementation if necessary.]]><![CDATA[April 19th, 2023]]>Wed, 19 Apr 2023 09:48:29 GMThttps://www.healthyheights.com.au/news-from-the-heights/april-19th-2023<![CDATA[focus on : Winter wellness]]>Wed, 19 Apr 2023 09:23:14 GMThttps://www.healthyheights.com.au/news-from-the-heights/focus-on-winter-wellnessPicture

Winter is a time when many people are susceptible to colds, flu, and other respiratory illnesses. Fortunately, there are several herbs, foods and vitamins that can help boost the immune system and support overall health during the winter months.
Here are a few suggestions that may be particularly helpful:
  1. Echinacea is a popular herb that is traditionally used to boost the immune system and prevent viral infections. Some studies have suggested that echinacea may be effective against certain viruses, such as the common cold and flu viruses.
  2. Elderberry is a berry that is rich in antioxidants and is traditionally used to boost the immune system and prevent viral infections. Some studies have suggested that elderberry may be effective against certain viruses, including the influenza virus.
  3. Ginger is a warming herb that is commonly used to improve digestion and boost the immune system. It may also help alleviate symptoms of colds and flu, such as cough and sore throat.
  4. Garlic is a well-known herb that is used for its antibacterial and antifungal properties. It may also have immune-boosting effects and help alleviate symptoms of colds and flu.
  5. Licorice root is a traditional herb that is used for its anti-inflammatory and immune-boosting properties. It may also help alleviate symptoms of colds and flu, such as cough and sore throat.
  6. Thyme is an herb that is commonly used in cooking, but it also has medicinal properties. It may help alleviate symptoms of respiratory infections, such as cough and congestion.
  7. Oregano is an herb that is rich in antioxidants and has anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties. It may also help alleviate symptoms of respiratory infections, such as cough and congestion
  8. Lemon & Ginger: Both lemon and ginger are rich in antioxidants and have anti-inflammatory properties that may help support the immune system and alleviate symptoms of respiratory infections.
  9. Turmeric contains a compound called curcumin, which has potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that may help support the immune system and reduce inflammation in the body.
  10. Elecampane is traditionally used to treat respiratory infections and may have antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties that may help alleviate symptoms of respiratory infections.
  11. Motherwort is traditionally used to support the cardiovascular system and may also have antiviral properties that may help fight viral infections.
  12. Marshmallow root contains compounds that may help soothe irritated mucous membranes in the respiratory tract and alleviate symptoms of coughs and sore throats.
  13. Myrrh is a resin that is traditionally used to treat infections and has been shown to have antimicrobial properties that may help fight viral infections.
  14. Berberine is a compound found in several plants, including goldenseal and Oregon grape, that has been shown to have antimicrobial and antiviral properties.
  15. Phellodendron bark contains compounds that have been shown to have antiviral and antimicrobial properties.
  16. N-acetylcysteine (NAC): NAC is a nutrient that may help reduce inflammation in the body and support the immune system.  Traditionally used to treat pneumonia.
  17. Vitamin C is an essential nutrient that has been shown to have immune-boosting properties and may help reduce the severity and duration of colds and flu.
  18. Horseradish contains compounds that may help support the immune system and alleviate symptoms of respiratory infections, such as congestion.
  19. B vitamins are essential nutrients that play a role in many physiological processes, including immune function.
  20. Zinc is an essential mineral that has been shown to have antiviral properties and may help reduce the severity and duration of colds and flu.
  21. Elderflower is traditionally used to treat respiratory infections and has antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties. A bitter cooling herb.
  22. Yarrow is traditionally used to treat respiratory infections and may has antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties.  A bitter cooling herb.
  23. Peppermint is traditionally used to alleviate symptoms of respiratory infections, such as cough and congestion, and its a cooling bitter herb and helps to reduce symptoms of flu and fever as well as having antimicrobial properties.
  24. Catnip: Catnip is traditionally used to treat respiratory infections and has antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties.

It is also important to talk to your healthcare provider before using any herbs or supplements, particularly if you are pregnant, nursing, or taking any medications


]]><![CDATA[FOCUS ON: Medicinal Mushrooms - lionS MANE]]>Wed, 19 Apr 2023 09:00:08 GMThttps://www.healthyheights.com.au/news-from-the-heights/focus-on-medicinal-mushrooms-lions-mane

As is in the news recently.  Lion's Mane is a type of mushroom that is known for its potential health benefits. Scientifically known as Hericium erinaceus, it is an edible and medicinal mushroom that is native to Asia, Europe, and North America. It is also commonly known as the "pom pom mushroom" or "bearded tooth mushroom" due to its unique appearance, which resembles a lion's mane.
Lion's Mane mushrooms contain bioactive compounds such as beta-glucans, polysaccharides, and hericenones, which have been found to have a wide range of potential health benefits. These include boosting cognitive function and memory, reducing inflammation, improving digestive health, and supporting the immune system.
Studies have shown that Lion's Mane mushrooms may stimulate the growth of nerve cells and enhance the production of nerve growth factors, which can help protect and regenerate brain cells. This makes it a potentially promising natural remedy for neurological conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.

Lion's Mane mushrooms are also rich in antioxidants, which can help reduce oxidative stress and inflammation in the body. This can lead to improved cardiovascular health, reduced risk of cancer, and enhanced overall immunity.

Overall, Lion's Mane mushrooms are a nutrient-dense superfood that may offer numerous potential health benefits. However, more research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms behind these benefits and to determine the optimal dosages and methods of consumption.
 
There has been growing interest in the potential health benefits of Lion's Mane mushrooms, and several studies have been conducted to investigate these claims. Here are some examples of the research on Lion's Mane:
  1. Cognitive function: Rossi, Paola, et al. "Dietary supplementation of lion’s mane medicinal mushroom, Hericium erinaceus (Agaricomycetes), and spatial memory in wild-type mice." International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms 20.5 (2018).
  2. Dementia: Datsen, Sophia. "Lion’s mane mushroom: A fungus to remember, a novel venture into dementia therapy." (2022).
  3. Degenerative disease: Kochoni, Emeric, and Vincent Ezin. "Lion’s Mane (Hericium erinaceus)." Mushrooms: Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods(2023).
  4. Neurodegenerative diseases: Parkinsons: Kumar, Satish. "Evaluation of Hericium erinaceus (Lion’s Mane) mushroom strains on different substrates." (2022).
  5. Immune system: Panda, Sujogya Kumar, and Walter Luyten. "Medicinal mushrooms: Clinical perspective and challenges." Drug Discovery Today 27.2 (2022): 636-651.
  6. Digestive health: Tada, Hiroyuki, et al. "Hericium erinaceus ethanol extract and ergosterol exert anti-inflammatory activities by neutralizing lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine production in human monocytes." Biochemical and biophysical research communications 636 (2022): 1-9.
  7. Cancer: Wong, Jack Ho, et al. "Mushroom extracts and compounds with suppressive action on breast cancer: Evidence from studies using cultured cancer cells, tumor-bearing animals, and clinical trials." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 104 (2020): 4675-4703.

Overall, these studies suggest that Lion's Mane mushrooms may have a range of potential health benefits, including improving cognitive function, protecting against neurodegenerative diseases, boosting the immune system, promoting digestive health, and potentially reducing the risk of cancer. However, more research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms behind these benefits and to determine the optimal dosages and methods of consumption.
 
How to use Lions Mane:
 
Lion's Mane mushroom can be used in a variety of ways and can be consumed on its own or combined with other supplements or foods. Here are some examples of how Lion's Mane can be used:
  1. Dietary supplement: Lion's Mane mushroom is available as a dietary supplement in the form of capsules, powders, and tinctures. It can be taken alone or combined with other supplements to enhance its potential health benefits.
  2. Coffee and tea: Lion's Mane mushroom powder can be added to coffee or tea to create a "mushroom coffee" or "mushroom tea." This can provide an energy boost and improve cognitive function.
  3. Smoothies: Lion's Mane mushroom powder can be added to smoothies to boost their nutrient content and provide potential health benefits.
  4. Recipes: Lion's Mane mushroom can be added to a variety of recipes, such as soups, stews, and stir-fries. It has a mild, nutty flavor and a firm, meaty texture that can make it a good substitute for meat in vegetarian or vegan dishes.

Other mushrooms: Lion's Mane mushroom can be combined with other mushrooms, such as Reishi, Chaga, and Cordyceps, to create a blend of mushrooms with potential health benefits. This blend is sometimes referred to as a "mushroom complex" or "adaptogenic mushroom blend."

We recommend adding one scoop of powdered Lion's Mane Powder Mix into your favorite mug and mixing with hot water or a non-dairy milk, before adding in your morning tea or coffee to start your day with purpose and focus.

Overall, Lion's Mane mushroom can be used in many different ways to provide potential health benefits. It is important to follow the recommended dosage and consult with a healthcare professional before taking any supplements.

MAKE A SHAKE : Blueberries, beets and a brain boost, great for students.
INGREDIENTS
  •  1 banana
  •  ½ cup beetroot powder
  • 1 cup frozen blueberries
  • Scoop of Cacao
  • 1-2 tsp Lions Mane Powder
  • Acai (frozen or powder)
  • Tbsp of MCT
  • 1 cup non-dairy milk

PREPARATION
Mix all ingredients in a blender, blend until smooth!
 
 
Compiled by Maxine White April 2023 for educational purposes only
 
​
]]><![CDATA[vaccination support]]>Thu, 22 Apr 2021 03:40:50 GMThttps://www.healthyheights.com.au/news-from-the-heights/vaccination-supportPathophysiology

In general we develop immunity to disease in two ways:

Primary Infection:  Pathogenic infectious agents stimulating a host immune system response (humoral and cell mediated immunity) that mitigates pathogenic infection including antibody production that promotes recovery and subsequent acquired immunity.

Vaccination: Exposes the body to antigens that mimic disease causing pathogens, stimulating adaptive immunity and memory of the antigen without causing the disease.  The process of acquiring vaccine immunity is referred to as immunisation.
  • Immunological mechanisms of vaccinations (Figure 1) are acquired as follows:
    • Once administered, antigen-presenting cells (APCs) capture the vaccine antigen, displaying it on the APC surface and subsequently stimulating T helper (Th) cell activation, which identify the antigen as foreign.[3]
    • Naïve B cells are activated, which recognise the vaccine antigen displayed on APCs, prompting B cell division and synthesis of active B cells that are specific to the vaccine antigen.[4]
    • Upon receiving signals from activated Th cells, B cells mature into plasma B cells that produce and secrete antibodies specific to the vaccine antigen.[5]
    • Antibodies bind and attach to the target vaccine antigen (akin to a lock and key mechanism). This prevents the antigen from entering a cell, while also marking it for destruction.[6]
    • Killer T cell response is generated. If the vaccine contains attenuated viruses, killer T cells identify and destroy infected cells.[7]
    • Memory B cells retain memory of the vaccine antigen for future recognition, which primes the immune system to elicit a faster and stronger response in the event of future pathogenic exposure.[8]
  • Substantial variation exists between individual immunity in response to vaccination. For instance, the antibody responses to Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccination vary >40-fold, while hepatitis B vaccination varies >100-fold.[9] Factors that influence humoral and cellular vaccine responses include[10]:
    • Intrinsic host factors: Age, sex, genetics, and comorbidities.
    • Perinatal factors: Gestational age, birth weight and feeding method.
    • Extrinsic factors: Microbiota and infections.
    • Behavioural factors: Smoking, chronic psychological stress and sleep.
    • Nutritional factors: Body mass index (BMI) and micronutrient status.
  • Five main types of vaccines available include[11]:
    • Live attenuated vaccines (e.g. measles, mumps, and rubella [MMR] and varicella [chickenpox]): Contain a version of the living virus or bacteria that have been engineered to have substantially reduced virulence (weakened), so as not cause serious disease in people with healthy immune systems.[12]
    • Inactivated vaccines (e.g. polio, hepatitis A and rabies): Are comprised of microorganisms that have been rendered non-infectious (killed) by chemical or physical means. Inactivated vaccines often require multiple doses to build up or maintain immunity.[13]
    • Toxoid vaccines (e.g. diphtheria and tetanus toxoids): Prevent diseases caused by bacteria that produce toxins (poisons) in the body. Toxoid vaccines are made from weakened toxic compounds rather than the microorganism.[14]
    • Subunit vaccines (e.g. pertussis [whooping cough], hepatitis B, human papillomavirus {HPV}): Contain a fragment of the bacteria or virus (the essential antigens) rather that the entire germ, making side effects to the vaccine less common.[15]
    • Conjugate vaccines (Hib): Target specific bacteria that contain a polysaccharide outer coating, which make it increasingly difficult for the immune system to recognise and respond to the antigen. Conjugate vaccines link polysaccharides to the antigen, enhancing immune system recognition.[16]
    • Nucleic acid-based vaccines (e.g. Pfizer-BioNTech Covid-19): Genetic vaccines consisting of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) sequences that translate proteins, which induce an immune response and code for a disease-specific antigen.[17],[18] Nucleic acid-based vaccines do not require the growth of highly pathogenic organisms at a large scale, therefore reducing risk of contamination with live infectious reagents and release of dangerous pathogens, as well as decreasing manufacturing time.[19]
    • Viral vector vaccines (e.g. Oxford-Astra Zeneca Covid-19 vaccine): Use a modified, low-pathogenic virus, such as adenoviruses, parvoviruses or paramyxoviruses, to function as a vector that shuttles one or more different pathogenic antigens into host cells, inducing an immune response against the target pathogen.[20]
Picture
Treatment RecommendationsCore RecommendationsHigh Bioavailability Zinc with Vitamin C
Zinc and vitamin C to support the development, function and mediation of immune cells required to strengthen the immune response and enhance vaccine efficacy.
Mechanism of Action/Clinical Research:
  • Zinc is involved in several aspects of immunological function, including the development, function and mediation of immune cells such as neutrophils, monocytes and natural killer (NK) cells, as well as the development of acquired immunity and T lymphocyte function[62]; which are important processes for infection prevention and maintaining vaccine immunity.[63]
    • A prospective longitudinal study involving 208 children aged between 7 months to 15 months found a positive association between serum zinc levels and tetanus vaccine titres, indicating that zinc status may enhance immunological memory.[64]
  • Vitamin C supplementation has been shown to reduce the duration and severity of infections[65] and is increasingly efficacious when combined with zinc, with deficiencies of vitamin C and zinc both severely compromising immune responses.[66]
  • Vitamin C stimulates white blood cell production and function, enhances NK cell activity and chemotaxis, supports clearance of spent neutrophils from sites of infection, increases serum levels of antibodies, and augments lymphocyte differentiation and proliferation;[67] facilitating innate and adaptive immune responses necessary for acquiring immunity.
    • Studies have shown that experimentally induced vitamin C deficiency leads to impaired cellular and humoral immune response.[68]
    • Vitamin C supplementation of 200 mg/d administered for one to three months was shown to increase IgG and IgM serum levels and improve humoral immune response in the ageing population.[69]
Vitamin D3
Vitamin D to modulate innate and adaptive immunity, necessary to illicit a strong immune response to acquire vaccine immunity and increase host resistance to infection.
Mechanism of Action/Clinical Research:
  • It is well known that vitamin D plays an important role in regulating immune function, with deficiency impacting the activity of T regulatory (Treg) cells[70],[71] and Th cells[72], as well as the production of antibodies and regulation of dendritic cell function.[73]
  • Vitamin D enhances the adaptive immune response by increasing the differentiation of monocytes to macrophages and stimulating white blood cell proliferation, essential to the neutralisation of viral infections.[74]
  • With receptors expressed on a wide variety of cell types, vitamin D is involved in the modulation of activated T and B lymphocytes, necessary for acquired immunity.[75]
    • A retrospective study involving 200 patients with chronic kidney disease who had undergone hepatitis B vaccination found that patients with vitamin D deficiency <10 ng/mL (equivalent to 25 nmol/L) demonstrated lower seroconversion rates and antibody formation compared to patients with higher vitamin D status.[76]
Select a probiotic formula that corresponds to the patient’s age.
For adults and children over 12 years:
​Mechanism of Action/Clinical Research:
  • Probiotics induce cellular immunity in phagocytic and NK cells, and promote IgA secretion into saliva to enhance vaccine effects. Additionally, probiotic metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and the peptidoglycan components of probiotics, exert benefits on the host gut epithelium and microbiota by modulating the immune function.[77]
  • Lactobacillus paracasei administration has been found to increase the length of time a vaccine is effective.[78]
    • A meta-analysis of randomised control trials found that probiotic interventions, including Lactobacillus paracasei, administered for 2 to 28 weeks improved seroconversion and seroprotection rates to influenza vaccines (including H1N1, H3N2 and B strains).[79]
  • Studies have demonstrated Lactobacillus plantarum (HEAL9), Lactobacillus paracasei (8700:2) and Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LGG®) all have the capacity to induce IL-10, a key anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory cytokine, which is expressed by Tregs and Th2 cells.[80]
  • LGG® has been shown to protect against viral infection, including the common cold and influenza, by stimulating respiratory NK cell activity, and up-regulating antiviral interferon gamma (IFN-γ).[81],[82]
    • A clinical trial involving 898 participants who were administered 500 million colony forming units (CFU)/d each of HEAL 9 and 8700:2 for 12 weeks revealed a 30% reduction in the incidence of recurring colds and an 18% decline in analgesic use compared to placebo.[83]
    • A randomised, parallel, double-blind, placebo-controlled study involving 272 subjects supplemented with either 500 million CFU each of HEAL9 and 8700:2 or placebo for 12 weeks demonstrated a 28% reduction in the duration of the common cold and a reduction in total symptom scores by 24%.[84]
  • L. plantarum (HEAL9) and L. paracasei (8700:2) have been shown to stimulate the innate immune response.[85]
Picture
​References
[1] Shukla VV, Shah RC. Vaccinations in primary care. Indian J Pediatr. 2018 Dec;85(12):1118-1127. doi: 10.1007/s12098-017-2555-2.
[2] Shukla VV, Shah RC. Vaccinations in primary care. Indian J Pediatr. 2018 Dec;85(12):1118-1127. doi: 10.1007/s12098-017-2555-2.
[3] The College of Physicians of Philadelphia. The history of vaccines [Internet]. Philadelphia USA: The College of Physicians of Philadelphia; 2021 [updated 2021;cited 2021 Feb 18]. Available from: https://www.historyofvaccines.org/content/how-vaccines-work.
[4] The College of Physicians of Philadelphia. The history of vaccines [Internet]. Philadelphia USA: The College of Physicians of Philadelphia; 2021 [updated 2021;cited 2021 Feb 18]. Available from: https://www.historyofvaccines.org/content/how-vaccines-work.
[5] The College of Physicians of Philadelphia. The history of vaccines [Internet]. Philadelphia USA: The College of Physicians of Philadelphia; 2021 [updated 2021;cited 2021 Feb 18]. Available from: https://www.historyofvaccines.org/content/how-vaccines-work.
[6] The College of Physicians of Philadelphia. The history of vaccines [Internet]. Philadelphia USA: The College of Physicians of Philadelphia; 2021 [updated 2021;cited 2021 Feb 18]. Available from: https://www.historyofvaccines.org/content/how-vaccines-work.
[7] The College of Physicians of Philadelphia. The history of vaccines [Internet]. Philadelphia USA: The College of Physicians of Philadelphia; 2021 [updated 2021;cited 2021 Feb 18]. Available from: https://www.historyofvaccines.org/content/how-vaccines-work.
[8] The College of Physicians of Philadelphia. The history of vaccines [Internet]. Philadelphia USA: The College of Physicians of Philadelphia; 2021 [updated 2021: cited 2021 Feb 18]. Available from: https://www.historyofvaccines.org/content/how-vaccines-work.
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[10] Zimmermann P, Curtis N. Factors that influence the immune response to vaccination. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2019 Mar 13;32(2):e00084-18. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00084-18.
[11] Shukla VV, Shah RC. Vaccinations in primary care. Indian J Pediatr. 2018 Dec;85(12):1118-1127. doi: 10.1007/s12098-017-2555-2.
[12] Centre for Disease Control and Prevention. Understanding how vaccines work [Internet]. Atlanta, Georgia: 2018 [updated 2018 Jul;cited 2021 Feb 18]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/conversations/downloads/vacsafe-understand-color-office.pdf.
[13] Centre for Disease Control and Prevention. Understanding how vaccines work [Internet]. Atlanta, Georgia: 2018 [updated 2018 Jul;cited 2021 Feb 18]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/conversations/downloads/vacsafe-understand-color-office.pdf.
[14] Centre for Disease Control and Prevention. Understanding how vaccines work [Internet]. Atlanta, Georgia: 2018 [updated 2018 Jul;cited 2021 Feb 18]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/conversations/downloads/vacsafe-understand-color-office.pdf.
[15] Centre for Disease Control and Prevention. Understanding how vaccines work [Internet]. Atlanta, Georgia: 2018 [updated 2018 Jul;cited 2021 Feb 18]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/conversations/downloads/vacsafe-understand-color-office.pdf.
[16] Centre for Disease Control and Prevention. Understanding how vaccines work [Internet]. Atlanta, Georgia: 2018 [updated 2018 Jul;cited 2021 Feb 18]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/conversations/downloads/vacsafe-understand-color-office.pdf.
[17] Zhang C, Maruggi G, Shan H, Li J. Advances in mRNA vaccines for infectious diseases. Front Immunol. 2019 Mar 27;10:594. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00594.
[18] Pardi N, Hogan MJ, Porter FW, Weissman D. mRNA vaccines - a new era in vaccinology. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2018 Apr;17(4):261-279. doi: 10.1038/nrd.2017.243.
[19] Pardi N, Hogan MJ, Porter FW, Weissman D. mRNA vaccines - a new era in vaccinology. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2018 Apr;17(4):261-279. doi: 10.1038/nrd.2017.243.
[20] Rauch S, Jasny E, Schmidt KE, Petsch B. New vaccine technologies to combat outbreak situations. Front Immunol. 2018 Sep 19;9:1963. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01963.
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[22] Zimmermann P, Curtis N. Factors that influence the immune response to vaccination. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2019 Mar 13;32(2):e00084-18. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00084-18.
[23] Reber AJ, Chirkova T, Kim JH, Cao W, Biber R, Shay DK, et al. Immunosenescence and challenges of vaccination against influenza in the aging Population. Aging Dis. 2012 Feb;3(1):68-90. PMID: 22500272.
[24] Pinti M, Appay V, Campisi J, Frasca D, Fülöp T, Sauce D, et al. Aging of the immune system: Focus on inflammation and vaccination. Eur J Immunol. 2016 Oct;46(10):2286-2301. doi: 10.1002/eji.201546178.
[25] Zimmermann P, Curtis N. Factors that influence the immune response to vaccination. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2019 Mar 13;32(2):e00084-18. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00084-18.
[26] Zimmermann P, Curtis N. Factors that influence the immune response to vaccination. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2019 Mar 13;32(2):e00084-18. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00084-18.
[27] Zimmermann P, Curtis N. Factors that influence the immune response to vaccination. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2019 Mar 13;32(2):e00084-18. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00084-18.
[28] Zimmermann P, Curtis N. Factors that influence the immune response to vaccination. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2019 Mar 13;32(2):e00084-18. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00084-18.
[29] Zimmermann P, Curtis N. Factors that influence the immune response to vaccination. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2019 Mar 13;32(2):e00084-18. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00084-18.
[30] Zimmermann P, Curtis N. Factors that influence the immune response to vaccination. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2019 Mar 13;32(2):e00084-18. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00084-18.
[31] Zimmermann P, Curtis N. Factors that influence the immune response to vaccination. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2019 Mar 13;32(2):e00084-18. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00084-18.
[32] Zimmermann P, Curtis N. Factors that influence the immune response to vaccination. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2019 Mar 13;32(2):e00084-18. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00084-18.
[33] Zimmermann P, Curtis N. Factors that influence the immune response to vaccination. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2019 Mar 13;32(2):e00084-18. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00084-18.
[34] Zimmermann P, Curtis N. Factors that influence the immune response to vaccination. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2019 Mar 13;32(2):e00084-18. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00084-18.
[35] Zimmermann P, Curtis N. Factors that influence the immune response to vaccination. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2019 Mar 13;32(2):e00084-18. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00084-18.
[36] Zimmermann P, Curtis N. Factors that influence the immune response to vaccination. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2019 Mar 13;32(2):e00084-18. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00084-18.
[37] Zimmermann P, Curtis N. Factors that influence the immune response to vaccination. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2019 Mar 13;32(2):e00084-18. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00084-18.
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]]><![CDATA[VITAMIN D AND MORE: THE FUNCTIONAL MEDICINE APPROACH TO Covid AND VIRUSES]]>Fri, 31 Jul 2020 14:00:00 GMThttps://www.healthyheights.com.au/news-from-the-heights/quercetin-zinc-resveratrolThis document discusses the mechanisms of action of a number of different botanical and nutraceutical agents. These agents can be considered as immunoadjuvants, defined as substances that act to accelerate, prolong, or enhance antigen-specific immune responses by potentiating or modulating the immune response.[1]

A coronavirus such as SARS-CoV-2 can be deadly because of its ability to stimulate a part of the innate immune response called the inflammasome, which can cause uncontrolled release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, leading to cytokine storm and severe, sometimes irreversible, damage to respiratory epithelium.[2] The SARS-CoV-2 virus has been shown to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome.[3,4] 

A 2016 review article[5] entitled “Natural compounds as regulators of NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated IL-beta production” notes that “resveratrol, curcumin, EGCG [epigallocatechin gallate], and quercetin are potent inhibitors of NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated IL-1beta production, typically acting at more than one element of the involved pathways. However, it should be noted that these polyphenols have an even much broader biological effect, as they influence a variety of pathways.” For example, these polyphenols modulate NF-kB upregulation, which is useful to counteract the COVID-19 ’hyper-inflammation.[6]

A preprint released on March 23, 2020, identified the ability of plant bioactive compounds to inhibit the COVID-19 main protease (Mpro),[7] which is necessary for viral replication. There is much excitement surrounding the recent identification of Mpro, and it is a current potential pharmaceutical drug target. Kaempferol, quercetin, luteolin-7-glucoside, demethoxycurcumin, naringenin, apigenin-7glucoside, oleuropein, curcumin, catechin, and epicatechin-gallate were the natural compounds that appeared to have the best potential to act as COVID-19 Mpro inhibitors. Though further research is necessary to prove their efficacy, this study provides the biologic plausibility and mechanistic support (SARS-CoV-2 protease inhibition) to justify their use.

For these reasons, we recommend the following compounds, at standard dosages, to prevent activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, to decrease NF-kB activation, and to potentially inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication. There is no literature to support a regimen of a single vs. multiple agents. Our recommendation is to use higher dosing and/or multiple agents when patient contextual factors (e.g., patient desire, pre-existing inflammation, multiple co-morbidities, higher risk, etc.) and/or therapeutic decision-making warrant such use.

Recommended Interventions

QUERCETIN

Quercetin has been shown to have antiviral effects against both RNA (e.g., influenza and coronavirus) and DNA viruses (e.g., herpesvirus). Quercetin has a pleiotropic role as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory, modulating signaling pathways that are associated with post-transcriptional modulators affecting post-viral healing.[8]

Mechanism(s) of action against non-COVID-19 viruses
Promote viral eradication or inactivation:[9],[10],[11],[12],[13]
•Inhibition of viral replication
Favorably modulate viral-induced pathological cellular processes:
Modulation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation[5],[14],[15]
Mechanistically promote resolution of collateral damage and restoration of function:
Modulation of mast cell stabilization (anti-fibrotic)

CURCUMIN

Curcumin has been shown to modulate the NLRP3 inflammasome,5 and a preprint suggests that curcumin can target the SARS-CoV-2 main protease to reduce viral replication.18

Mechanism(s) of action against non-COVID-19 viruses
Favorably modulate viral-induced pathological cellular processes:
Modulation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation[5],[19],[20],[21]

EPIGALLOCATECHIN GALLATE (EGCG)

Green tea, in addition to modulating the NLRP3 inflammasome and, based on a preprint, potentially targeting the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro)7 to reduce viral replication, has also been shown to prevent influenza in healthcare workers.28

Mechanism(s) of action against non-COVID-19 viruses
Favorably modulate viral-induced pathological cellular processes:
Modulation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation[5],[28],[29]

N-ACETYLCYSTEINE (NAC)

N-acetylcysteine promotes glutathione production, which has been shown to be protective in rodents infected with influenza. In a little-noticed six-month controlled clinical study enrolling 262 primarily elderly subjects, those receiving 600 mg NAC twice daily, as opposed to those receiving placebo, experienced significantly fewer influenza-like episodes and days of bed confinement.[36]
Mechanism(s) of action against non-COVID-19 viruses:[36]Favorably modulate cellular defense and repair mechanisms:
Hypothetical: repletion of glutathione and cysteine
Outcomes data supporting their mitigating effects on illness from other viral strains
Reduce progression from colonization to illness
Reduce the severity and duration of acute symptoms

RESVERATROL

Resveratrol, a naturally occurring polyphenol, shows many beneficial health effects. It has been shown to modulate the NLRP3 inflammasome.[5] In addition, resveratrol was shown to have in vitro activity against MERS-CoV.[43]

Mechanism(s) of action against non-COVID-19 viruses
Favorably modulate viral-induced pathological cellular processes
Modulation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation[5]
Outcomes data supporting their mitigating effects on illness from other viral strainsMERS-CoV[43]
Influenza[44],[45]

VITAMIN D

Activated vitamin D,1,25(OH) D, a steroid hormone, is an immune system modulator that reduces the expression of inflammatory cytokines and increases macrophage function. Vitamin D also stimulates the expression of potent antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which exist in neutrophils, monocytes, natural killer cells, and epithelial cells of the respiratory tract.[54] Vitamin D increases anti-pathogen peptides through defensins and has a dual effect due to suppressing superinfection. Evidence suggests vitamin D supplementation may prevent upper respiratory infections.[55] However, there is some controversy as to whether it should be used and the laboratory value that should be achieved. Research suggests that concerns about vitamin D (increased IL-1beta in cell culture) are not seen clinically. The guidance we suggest is that a laboratory range of >50 and < 80ng/mL serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D may help to mitigate morbidity from COVID-19 infection.

Mechanism(s) of action against non-COVID-19 viruses[55],[56],[57],[58],[59],[60],[61],[62],[63],[64],[65],[66],[67],[68],[69],[70],[71],[72],[73],[74],[75],[76],[77],[78]

Favorably modulate cellular defense and repair mechanisms:
Activation of macrophages
Stimulation of anti-microbial peptides
Modulation of defensins
Modulation of TH17 cells
Favorably modulate viral-induced pathological cellular processes:
Reduction in cytokine expression
Modulation of TGF beta
Outcomes data supporting their mitigating effects on illness from other viral strains
Reduce progression from colonization to illness Reduce the severity and duration of acute symptoms and complications

VITAMIN A
Vitamin A is a micronutrient that is crucial for maintaining vision, promoting growth and development, and protecting epithelium and mucus integrity in the body. Vitamin A is known as an anti-inflammation vitamin because of its critical role in enhancing immune function. Vitamin A is involved in the development of the immune system and plays regulatory roles in cellular immune responses and humoral immune processes through the modulation of T helper cells, sIgA, and cytokine production. Vitamin A has demonstrated a therapeutic effect in the treatment of various infectious diseases.[95]

Mechanism(s) of action against non-COVID-19 viruses [95],[96]Favorably modulate cellular defense and repair mechanisms:
Modulation of T helper cells
Modulation of sIgA
Favorably modulate viral-induced pathological cellular processes:
Modulation of cytokine production
Outcomes data supporting their mitigating effects on illness from other viral strainsNo data available

ELDERBERRY

Elderberry (Sambucus nigra) is seen in many medicinal preparations and has widespread historical use as an anti-viral herb.[103] Based on animal research, elderberry is likely most effective in the prevention of and early infection with respiratory viruses.[104] One in-vitro study reported an increase in TNF-alpha levels related to a specific commercial preparation of elderberry[105] leading some to caution that its use could initiate a “cytokine storm.” However, these data were not confirmed when the same group performed similar studies, which were published in 2002.[106] Therefore, these data suggest it is highly implausible that consumption of properly prepared elderberry products (from berries or flowers) would contribute to an adverse outcome related to overproduction of cytokines or lead to an adverse response in someone infected with COVID-19.

Mechanism(s) of action against non-COVID-19 viruses[103],[107],[108],[109],[110],[111],[112]
Favorably modulate cellular defense and repair mechanisms
Favorably modulate viral-induced pathological cellular processes
Outcomes data supporting their mitigating effects on illness from other viral strainsNo data available

PALMITOYLETHANOLAMIDE (PEA)

PEA is a naturally occurring anti-inflammatory palmitic acid derivative that interfaces with the endocannabinoid system. There was a significantly favorable outcome in five of six double blind placebo-controlled trials looking at acute respiratory disease due to influenza.[115] Dosing was generally 600 mg three times daily for up to three weeks. There are multiple mechanisms of action associated with PEA, from inhibition of TNF-alpha and NF-kB to mast cell stabilization. In influenza, it is thought that PEA works by attenuating the potentially fatal cytokine storm.

Mechanism(s) of action against non-COVID-19 viruses[115]
Favorably modulate cellular defense and repair mechanisms
Favorably modulate viral-induced pathological cellular processes

VITAMIN C

Vitamin C contributes to immune defense by supporting various cellular functions of both the innate and adaptive immune system. Vitamin C accumulates in phagocytic cells, such as neutrophils, and can enhance chemotaxis, phagocytosis, generation of reactive oxygen species, and ultimately microbial killing. Supplementation with vitamin C appears to be able to both prevent and treat respiratory and systemic infections.[120] Vitamin C has been used in hospital ICUs to treat COVID-19 infection.

Mechanism(s) of action against non-COVID-19 viruses [120]
Favorably modulate cellular defense and repair mechanisms
Favorably modulate viral-induced pathological cellular processes

ZINC
Zinc contributes to immune defense by supporting various cellular functions of both the innate and adaptive immune system. There is also evidence that it suppresses viral attachment and replication. Zinc deficiency is common, especially in those populations most at risk for severe COVID-19 infections, and it is challenging to accurately diagnosis with laboratory measures. Supplementation with zinc is supported by evidence that it both prevents viral infections and reduces their severity and duration. Moreover, it has been shown to reduce the risk of lower respiratory infection, which may be of particular significance in the context of COVID-19.

Mechanism(s) of action against non-COVID-19 viruses120,121,122,123,124,125,126,127
​Favorably modulate innate and adaptive immune system
Favorably modulate viral-induced pathological cellular processes, attachment, and replication

www.ifm.org/news-insights/the-functional-medicine-approach-to-covid-19-virus-specific-nutraceutical-and-botanical-agents/

This resource is only intended to identify nutraceutical and botanical agents that may boost your immune system. It is not meant to recommend any treatments, nor have any of these been proven effective against COVID-19. None of these practices are intended to be used in lieu of other recommended treatments. Always consult your physician or healthcare provider prior to initiation. For up-to-date information on COVID-19, please consult the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention at www.cdc.gov.]]><![CDATA[Substantial number of older adults at risk of vitamin B12 and folate deficiency, study shows]]>Thu, 30 Apr 2020 14:00:00 GMThttps://www.healthyheights.com.au/news-from-the-heights/substantial-number-of-older-adults-at-risk-of-vitamin-b12-and-folate-deficiency-study-showsA study by researchers from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA) at Trinity College Dublin, Ireland, has shown for the first time that a substantial number of adults over 50 are at risk of deficiency in vitamin B12 and folate (the natural vitamin linked to the dietary supplement, folic acid).

The researchers found that one in eight adults in Ireland are deficient in vitamin B12; one in seven are deficient in folate; and there are variations in deficiency across different provinces in Ireland, in addition to variations dependent on health, lifestyle and the time of year measured. The findings form part of the largest representative study of its kind conducted among older persons in Ireland and have just been published in the prestigious journal, British Journal of Nutrition.

Both vitamin B12 and folate are essential for nerve function, brain health and the production of red blood cells and DNA. Numerous studies have shown that low nutritional status of folate and B12 are linked to poor long-term health, especially among older people.

In Ireland, fortification of food products is voluntary and some foods (such as ready-to-eat cereals) are enriched with micronutrients such as folic acid, though this is inconsistent between products fortified and over time, resulting in haphazard exposure. There have been repeated calls for an official policy of mandatory fortification of staple foods such as bread, with folic acid, to reduce the occurrence of neural tube defects in babies. Such a policy would also reduce the prevalence of folate deficiency in older adults who are most at risk. Before this can occur, however, comprehensive information is needed on the prevalence and determinates of deficiency.
Our study suggests that the current custom of voluntary food fortification is ineffective in preventing deficiency or low status of these vitamins among older people. The results are of relevance not just for Ireland but for all countries that do not have mandatory fortification.

Key findings:
  • One in eight adults over 50 were low to deficient in vitamin B12 while one in seven were low to deficient in folate
  • The prevalence of low or deficient folate increased with age, from 14% among those aged 50-60 years to 23% among people over 80 years old. Low folate status was also more common in smokers, the obese, and those who lived alone
  • Low or deficient vitamin B12 was more common in smokers (14%), people who lived alone (14.3%) and those from lower socio-economic backgrounds (13%)
  • Use of both vitamin B12 and folic acid supplementation was low, with higher rates among women than men but less than 4% overall taking supplements of either vitamin

Commenting on the significance of the research, lead author of the study and Research Fellow at TILDA, Dr Eamon Laird, said:

"This is the largest representative and most comprehensive study of vitamin B12 and folate status in older adults ever conducted in Ireland. There are striking differences in the prevalence of deficiency across different lifestyle factors such as obesity and smoking - both of which are modifiable risk factors. Our findings will provide useful data to help inform public health policy -particularly regarding the proposition of mandatory folic acid and/or vitamin B12 fortification. To place our findings in context, in a country such as the United States where mandatory folic acid fortification occurs, rates of low folate status are around 1.2% in older adults compared with 15% in Ireland."
Professor Anne Molloy, senior author of the study noted:

"This study shows a surprising level of inadequate folate among older persons, despite many years of voluntary folic acid fortification of certain foods on the Irish market. Concerns relating to excessive folic acid intake, particularly in older people, have been at the heart of current debates regarding the risks of population-wide folic acid fortification. However, in countries such as the US, mandatory folic acid food fortification for the past 20 years has prevented millions of cases of folate deficiency without any proven adverse effects. Irish public health authorities need to act on the facts from studies such as ours."

Professor Rose Anne Kenny, Principal Investigator of TILDA, said:
​
"The high rates of B-vitamin deficiency seen in the older adult population are of concern and, given that this can be easily treated with fortification, this has significant policy and practice implications for Government and health services. TILDA has consistently assisted policy makers by providing strong evidence based data on which to make recommendations but also by assisting with information of most vulnerable people and therefore those who should be targeted."

​Source:  Trinity College Dublin
]]><![CDATA[Mushroom B-Glucans & cellular immune enhancement]]>Tue, 31 Mar 2020 13:00:00 GMThttps://www.healthyheights.com.au/news-from-the-heights/mushroom-b-glucans-cellular-immune-enhancementβ-Glucans have been shown to activate pattern recognition receptors expressed on immune cells, such as macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils and lymphocytes [1,3]. Additionally, the enhancement of natural killer (NK) cell activity by β-glucan has been reported to play an important role in immune potency and to have anti-carcinogenic effects in in vitro and in vivo studies [4,5]. The immune stimulation and antitumoral activities of these β-glucans have been thought to be caused only by the β-1,3-glucans [6]. However, several types of β-1,3-glucans from different sources have been shown to result in a variety of different immune responses.

https://www-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.ezproxy.une.edu.au/pubmed/28194264​]]><![CDATA[Top tests for vegans/vegetarians]]>Thu, 27 Feb 2020 13:00:00 GMThttps://www.healthyheights.com.au/news-from-the-heights/top-tests-for-vegansvegetariansThe Top 10 Blood Tests for Vegans
by Doctor J.E Williams 

By Dr. J.E. Williams
I started my own personal experiment with vegetarianism and vegan lifestyle in 1972, and I also conceived and raised children as vegetarians (until they were pre-teen). I have 30 years of clinical experience in natural medicine, and for 25 years, I was a busy clinician in Southern California. Thus, I have earned my credentials and have seen it all.

I know through all of this that if you want to get your cholesterol and LDL (“bad” cholesterol) down to bare bones levels, go vegan. If you want to boost your folic acid and antioxidant levels to new heights, eat more plants. It is the same with reducing your risk for a heart attack to zero, and preventing many types of cancer. But in some aspects, depending on their diet, vegetarians and vegans are vulnerable.

Today I want to discuss the basic laboratory tests most important for plant-based diets. Let’s look at the 10 most helpful ones for evaluating deficiencies and the consequences of not having adequate levels of certain nutrients.

1. CBC - Complete Blood Count with Differential and Platelets: This group of tests tells if you are anemic, immune deficient, or have an infection or allergies. Low RBC (red blood count), hemoglobin, and hematocrit are signs of anemia. The CBC helps determine your general health status. If have fatigue or weakness, or suspect an infection, this test can help determine what is the cause.

2. CMP - Comprehensive Metabolic Panel: The CMP is a group of 14 tests that provides information about the status of your kidneys, liver, and electrolyte and acid/base balance, as well as of your blood sugar (glucose) and blood proteins (total protein, albumin, and globulin).

Abnormal results, especially combinations of abnormal results, indicate a problem that needs to be addressed. Total protein below 6.5 and albumin below 3.9 are signs of protein deficiency. Glucose (blood sugar) is also tested in this panel. It is uncommon for plant-based eaters to be diabetic. Some times, however, glucose can be too low, suggesting hypoglycemia.

3. Ferritin: This test helps assess iron stores in the body. It is useful in combination with an iron and TIBC to evaluate the severity of iron deficiency or overload.

4. Folic Acid: This test gives an idea of your level of folate. It is rarely low in plant-based diets. However, higher than normal levels, common in vegetarians and vegans, combined with low vitamin B12 levels, magnifies vitamin B deficiency in the body. The amount of folate inside the red blood cell (folate, RBC) may also be measured and is normally higher inside the cell than in the serum.

5. Homocysteine: An elevated homocysteine level helps determine B12 or folate deficiency. Elevated levels of homocysteine (above 10 micromoles/liter) are associated with atherosclerosis (hardening and narrowing of the arteries) and suggest an increased risk of heart attacks, strokes, blood clot formation, and Alzheimer’s disease. I want my patients to be lower than 9 micromoles/liter and optimally less than 6 micromoles/liter.

6. Iron: total and TIBC (total iron binding capacity): Vegetarians can have adequate iron levels if they eat quantities of iron-containing vegetables and fruits, like spinach and raisins. However, raw vegans often show low levels of red blood cells and iron deficiency in their tests. Early iron deficiency causes no physical effects, so you may not know you levels are going down; but, as hemoglobin levels drop below 10 g per deciliter, things can get challenging. As the iron-deficiency progresses, symptoms begin to develop, including fatigue and tiredness, weakness, dizziness, and headaches. As iron reserves continue to be depleted, you can experience shortness of breath, ringing in the ears (tinnitus), drowsiness, and irritability.

7. Lipid Profile: This group of tests measures your blood fats (total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglycerides) to determine risk for coronary heart disease. Vegetarians typical have normal lipid profiles, but vegans may have cholesterol levels that are too low (less than 135 mg/dL). Cholesterol is essential for life. A waxy substance manufactured from raw materials supplied in the diet, it is used to produce hormones and cell membranes and is transported in the blood. Cholesterol is the primary building block for steroid hormones like estrogen and testosterone, and adequate levels are required for health.

8. MMA - Methylmalonic Acid, serum: MMA, along with homocysteine, help diagnose an early or mild B12 deficiency. If MMA and homocysteine levels are increased, then vitamin B12 deficiency may be present, indicating less available B12 at the tissue level. If only homocysteine is elevated, then folic acid may be low or not being metabolism properly. If MMA and homocysteine levels are normal, it is unlikely that there is a B12 deficiency.

9. Vitamin B12: Both B12 and folate are necessary for normal red blood cell formation, tissue and cellular repair, DNA synthesis, and for nerve health. A deficiency in either B12 or folate causes macrocytic anemia. Also called megaloblastic anemia, this type of anemia is characterized by the production of fewer – but larger – red blood cells called macrocytes, leading to fatigue, weakness, and all the other symptoms of anemia. If your levels are below 400 pg/mL, suspect B12 deficiency. I like my patients to be at least 600-900 pg/mL.

10. Vitamin D, 25-Hydroxy: This test determines vitamin D3 status. It tells if you are susceptible to bone weakness, bone malformation, or abnormal metabolism of calcium. Since vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin and absorbed from the intestine like dietary fat, low-fat diets are prone to vitamin D deficiency. Also, people with conditions that interfere with fat absorption, such as cystic fibrosis and Crohn’s disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and Celiac disease are not able to absorb enough Vitamin D.

Dr. Williams’ Suggested Panels for Vegetarians/Vegans
Complete Blood Count with Differential and Platelets Comprehensive Chemistry/Metabolic Panel Ferritin Folic Acid Homocysteine Iron, total and IBC Lipid Panel Methylmalonic Acid, Serum Vitamin B12 Vitamin D3, 25 Hydroxy]]><![CDATA[Food additives and the havoc theY create....]]>Tue, 31 Dec 2019 13:00:00 GMThttps://www.healthyheights.com.au/news-from-the-heights/food-additives-and-the-havoc-the-createA note from Bobby-Jo:

Recently I've been focusing on working with children with ADD, behavioural disorders, ADHD, anxiety, and sensory and sleep disturbances. On a personal level this area of naturopathic care is particularly close to my heart. 

Did you know it only takes 26 seconds for chemicals to enter the blood stream and start playing havoc within our bodies!? 


I have seen first hand the immediate behavioural changes within my own kids after consumption of food additives. I know all the letters, numbers and long unpronounceable names on food labels can seem confusing and complicated, however some are worse than others and I can help guide you to make informed choices. Making a few simple changes can make a significant difference to behaviour and general health.


If this rings alarm bells for you or a little one you know, come in for a chat or book a consultation today. Rest assured there is a lot we can do with these issues from both a dietary and supplemental perspective. 


I'd love to work together towards better health for your family. 

Bobby-Jo  


Some common additives to avoid include:

102 Tartrazine, yellow #5, CI 19140
212 Potassium benzoate AVOID

Some common additives to should be treated with caution including:

216 Propylparaben or Propyl-p-hydroxy-benzoate
218 Methylparaben or Methyl-p-hydroxy-benzoate 

And when it comes to 951 Aspartame.... well you’ll  just have to come in and see me to find out more ; )]]>